{"id":5439,"date":"2023-01-03T08:55:05","date_gmt":"2023-01-03T14:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.missouriwestern.edu\/appliedlearning\/?page_id=5439"},"modified":"2023-01-03T08:55:05","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T14:55:05","slug":"fall-2017-mrd","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.missouriwestern.edu\/appliedlearning\/fall-2017-mrd\/","title":{"rendered":"Fall 2017 MRD"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Program for the Fall 2017 Multidisciplinary Research Day<\/h2>\n
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DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY<\/h2>\n

Analytical Papers and Analyses<\/h3>\n
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Felder, Eternity<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL RED LEDS ON RADISH SEEDS GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Plants get energy from light through a process called photosynthesis, and without light plants would not be able to produce the energy needed for growth and development. The detection of light in plants is carried out by several light photoreceptors. As a result, different types of lights could have different effects on plant development. Red lights are efficient at converting electricity into photosynthetic photons and this may enhance plant growth and development. So, if there is a positive relationship between red light and growth then the radishes with treatment RW should have larger plants in comparison to treatment W. After four weeks, the shoot and root dry weight of the radishes were higher in RW. The leaves were also larger and the overall height of the plant was also significantly higher in the RW plants. However, the rigidness of the stems and the thickness of the radish leaves showed no significant differences among either treatment. The results illustrate that the radish plants grown under the RW lights had better growth and development.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
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Danielle Hubbard, Brittney Pauley, Greg Hillier\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0THE AFFECTS OF SALT WATER ON BEAN PLANTS\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The effects of salt water on bean plants and how they react under different concentrations of salt.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
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Abrahamson, Levi<\/b>.\u00a0GERMINATION OF A HERB SPECIES FROM LEAF EXTRACTS OF INVASIVE HONEYSUCKLE\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Lonicera maackii, an invasive species \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\n\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nderived from Asia, found in forests and \\r\\nopen \\\\r\\\\nareas \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nin the Eastern and Midwestern \\r\\nNorth \\\\r\\\\nAmerica, has \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nmassive effects on \\r\\nplants located \\\\r\\\\nin and around \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nthe \\r\\nunderstory. In this study we \\\\r\\\\ntested the idea \\r\\n\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nthat adding a leaf extract \\\\r\\\\nsolution to \\r\\nseedlings \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nof a different species, \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nBrassica rapa, in \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nvarious \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nconcentrations. Our findings showed that \\r\\n\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nthere \\\\r\\\\nwas a stunt in the levels of \\r\\ngermination in \\\\r\\\\n\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nthe higher concentrations \\r\\ncompared to the \\\\r\\\\nlower \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nones. This implies \\r\\nthat the\u00a0L. \\\\r\\\\nmaackii\u00a0can \\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\ninhibit \\r\\nthe germination of \\\\r\\\\nother plants allowing \\r\\n\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nit to be a successful \\\\r\\\\ninvasive species.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Baker, Ethan<\/b>.\u00a0HOW DIFFERENT COLORED LIGHTS EFFECT PLANT GROWTH\u00a0.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This experiment focused on the effects of \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ndifferent colored light on plant growth. For \\r\\nour \\\\r\\\\nexperiment we used been plants planted two \\r\\nat a \\\\r\\\\ntime in a small clay pot. Once the plants \\r\\nbegan to \\\\r\\\\ngrow they were exposed to different \\r\\ncolored \\\\r\\\\nlights. I hypothesized that the plants \\r\\nthat were \\\\r\\\\nexposed to blue light would show the \\r\\nmost growth \\\\r\\\\nand the plants exposed to green \\r\\nlight would show \\\\r\\\\nthe least amount of growth
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Bryant, Will Koelling, Blake<\/b>.\u00a0MOUNTAIN GOAT RESEARCH POSTER.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Poster is about Mountain goats\\\\\\\\\\\\\\’s habitat, diet, \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\n\\\\\\\\r\\\\\\\\nconservation, and reproduction in North \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nAmerica.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Campbell, Kaitlyn<\/b>.\u00a0TRANSPIRATION IN GERANIUM LEAF.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Measuring the transpiration and gas pressure in a Geranium leaf from a dark setting into a light setting.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Carter, David; Ryan, Brendan; Hazelwood, Carter; Henning, Kendall<\/b>.\u00a0STARCH PRODUCTION IN PLANTS VS RELATIVE TOXICITY.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Over time, plants have evolved a defense mechanism by producing toxins in the form of striking taste in order to protect against predators. Humans have harvested this trait in certain plants in the form of healthy herbs and ingredients. We also know, as a product of photosynthesis, plants produce starch. The ingredients we tested, in respective order of striking taste were spinach, collard greens, and cilantro. So, is there a correlation between the natural defense mechanism of spinach, collard greens, and cilantro; and these plants\ufffd starch production?
\nFaculty Sponsor: MICHAEL GRANTHAM<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Davidson, Mary<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTS OF RED LIGHT ON HROWTH OF RADISH, RAPHANUS SATIVUS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The intention of this study was to investigate the response of increased red-light exposure to the growth of Raphanus sativus, commonly known as the radish. This red portion of the electromagnetic spectrum has wavelengths that are between 620-780 nanometers. The red light was sourced by 90-watt light bulbs and the natural sunlight was substituted by 6500- Kelvin LED lights. The results were not the results expected, due to the bulb portion of the radish not producing in the allotted length of time. The stem and leaf portions, however, did follow a trend of increased biomass with the increased red- light exposure. This gives initial evidence that red light affects the growth of radishes, but should be further studied with an altered method.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DeLee, Naniolyn; Langley, Caroline; Thomason, Tatum; Karns, Neiley<\/b>.\u00a0ESTIMATING OSMOLARITY BY CHANGE IN WEIGHT OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Osmosis is a form of passive transport which involves water traveling from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. In this experiment, we tested the osmolarity of different substances by comparing the amount of water each absorbed when immersed in a solution of various molarities of water and sucrose. The substances we tested in this experiment were a Golden Delicious apple and Idaho Russet potato.
\nFaculty Sponsor: MICHAEL GRANTHAM<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Tabri Dickson, Mackenzie Marks, and Colt Roth<\/b>.\u00a0O2: PLANT VERSUS ANIMALS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In many organisms, there are reactions that occur to break down compounds and materials that are processed through our bodies and various other organisms. These processes are aided by energy and enzymes to break these substances down. The use of enzymes in the liver are what turn present hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This process happens with the help of a catalase in the liver. The catalase is also present in a plants like a potato just in smaller amounts in comparison to the liver. The experiment preformed used a substance called hydrogen peroxide and the mixtures of liver cells and potato cells to replicate the process that occurs spontaneously in the organisms themselves. The experiment tested the concentration of the cells and the amount of oxygen produced. This simulating the levels of catalase and therefore oxygen produced.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Fry, Justin and Herring, Aaron\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0DIET AND DISTRIBUTION OF COYOTE (CANIS LATRANS)\u00a0.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Describing the habitat, diet, and distribution of \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ncoyotes in North America. Focusing on how the \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ncoyote interacts with its environment and \\r\\nother \\\\r\\\\nindividuals.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Herring, Aaron<\/b>.\u00a0PRIVATE LANDS MANAGER INTERNSHIP.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This is about my internship with the 大象传媒 department of conservation that I did over the summer. I helped out with the private lands division and the fisheries. We went and looked over CRP ground to check if it was in regulation and helped to try and get more habitat for quail and pheasant. We also participated in outreach and education programs.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Herring, Aaron<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ON CORN.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster was about an experiment that I did over the effects of liquid applied nitrogen vs dry nitrogen on corn and how it will impact its yields. I did the research on a field that was planted in early April.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Hillier, Greg Hubbard, Danielle Pauley, Brittney<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTS OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SALT WATER ON PINTO BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) GROWTH\u00a0.<\/i><\/dt>\n
To test what happens to the growth of a plant after changing the salinity conditions we used high concentrations of salt water to water typical pinto bean stalks early on in their development. We expected to see a small change in height as the plant grew using the last vestiges of pure water that may have been left in the soil from a previous watering. The change we observed was not what we expected, quite the opposite in fact. This is more than likely due to the rapid change in turgidity of the cells and after apoptosis occurring. For future experiments on plant salinity lower concentrations of salt water are suggested as well as plants that have developed a mechanism that prevents nutrient toxicity for salt.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA, CSENGELE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Hoover, Cole<\/b>.\u00a0THE IMPORTANCE OF SEED TO SOIL CONTACT.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In this poster I discuss the importance of seed to soil contact when planting seeds and show what happens if there is not adequate seed to soil contact.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Jenkins, Brian<\/b>.\u00a0ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF LONICERA MAACKII EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION OF BRASSICA RAPA.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In addition to resource competition, many invasive plants, such as Lonicera maackii, may negatively impact surrounding plants by leaching compounds that inhibit their growth. L. maackii is an invasive shrub native to Asia that invades forests and open areas of the Midwest. IT has devastating effects on the growth of native understory plants and some of these effects remain even after L. maackii has been removed In this study I explored the potential of Lonicera maackii leaf extracts to inhibit the growth of Brassica rapa using toxicity bioassays performed in petri dishes. Inhibitory effects were seen, but they weren\ufffdt as pronounced as expected. The effects seen were greater with increasing concentrations.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Lyndsay Lamey, Alex Navinskey, Terrill Davis, Dossou Ndiaye<\/b>.\u00a0BEAN GERMINATION.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In this experiment we tested which kinds of liquids help the growth of beans the best. The different liquids are carbonated water, diet twist up soda, Ozark bottled water, distilled water, and tap water.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Gaby Lammoglia, Matthew West<\/b>.\u00a0LIFE HISTORY AND CONSERVATION OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIGHORN (OVIS CANADENSIS).<\/i><\/dt>\n
The Rocky Mountain Bighorn, Ovis canadensis, is an integral species to montane ecosystems in the Rocky Mountain Range through North America. Although the population has dwindled since first European contact, the species remains plentiful and is regularly trophy hunted for the large headgear from which they get their name.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Katie Lavelle, Ethan Baker<\/b>.\u00a0MEASURING CHLOROPHYLL AND ANTHOCYANIN CONCENTRATION.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Pigments in leaves are due to the concentrations of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin in the leaf. The goal of this experiment was to measure the absorption spectrum and calculate the chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin concentrations of four different colored leaves. Each leaf was ground to a liquid and centrifuged. The contents were then transferred to a spectrophotometer where absorption and wavelength were measured. Finally, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll concentrations were calculated. This experiment resulted in the red leaf with the greatest concentration of chlorophyll a, the green leaf with the greatest concentration of chlorophyll b, the yellow leaf with the greatest carotenoid concentration, and the red leaf with the highest anthocyanin concentration.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Brian Lee, Chasity Hughes, Mariela Diaz Valdez, Nick Stratton<\/b>.\u00a0CELLS IN FREEZING TEMPERATURES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In this study we investigated the freezing resistance of animal and plant cells. We found, that freezing temperatures affect less the plant, than animal cells.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Lindstrom, Devon<\/b>.\u00a0COFFEE AND EGGSHELL EXPERIMENT.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Within plant nutrition there are various elements that plays a role with the growth and development of plants.There is a home remedy for gardening can be found with the mixture of eggshells and coffee grounds.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Kristen Moore, Caleb Klingseis, Sondi Hunter<\/b>.\u00a0HOW TO REDUCE PLAQUE BACTERIA CONTENT.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In this experiment we tested whether the different types of care on teeth made a difference in plaque quantity. The different care used was toothpaste, floss, and mouthwash with each added on to show if what society deemed to have as a healthier smile is true. Overall what we had discovered though research and in our experimenting, we can conclude that more preventative procedure for a healthier smile to be true.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Moore, Mary<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTS OF RED LIGHT EMISSIONS ON INDOOR-GROWN RADISHES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Light is essential for a plants growth and development, and the type of light it receives can greatly impact its development. To test the type of light on a plant\ufffds growth; radish plants were grown under 90-watt LED red lights along with a set of radish plants grown under 60 watt LED white lights to test the effects of red light against white light. The radish shoots were measured and weighed. Our results show that the radishes grown under red light overall had greater biomass than the radishes grown under the white light.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Moore, Kerry<\/b>.\u00a0RED LED LIGHT EFFECTS ON RADISH GROWTH.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Plants use pigments to capture sunlight energy and use the energy for plant processes such as growth and photosynthesis. An experiment was conducted to see the effects of growing radishes with red light stimulated plant growth compared to non-red light grown plants. Results could be seen visibly with the difference in leaves and in their different masses. Red light grown radish plants had larger leaves and longer shoot height.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Anika Nobs, Taylor Schwartzkopf, Danny Walsh, Michael Gallo, and Daniel VanHorne<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECT OF BRUSHING TEETH ON BACTERIA FOUND IN PLAQUE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The experiment that was conducted was to find the effect that brushed and unbrushed teeth have on plaque, and the effect that gum and energy drinks have on the amount of bacteria found in plaque. We scraped our teeth with toothpicks to remove the plaque, and then we made slides, stained them, and got the results of the experiment by looking at them under a microscope. For one part of our experiment we tested the amount of plaque on brushed teeth, and compared it to the amount of plaque on brushed teeth after drinking an energy drink. After that, we tested the amount of plaque on unbrushed teeth, and the amount of plaque on unbrushed teeth with gum. We discovered that the energy drink only adds a minimal amount of plaque to the teeth, and that gum makes almost no difference on the amount of plaque on your teeth. We believed that if you brushed your teeth there would be less plaque on them, than if you left your teeth unbrushed, and we proved this hypothesis to be true.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Rachael A. Prawitz, Bethany Bolander, Steven R. Bilby, Jeremy H. Brown, Reid N. Brown, Alexander M. Duryee, Danielle R. Edelman, Christina E. Gray, Chandler Gossett, Amie G. Haddock, Mackenzie M. Hels<\/b>.\u00a0IN SITU DARK ADAPTATION ENHANCES THE EFFICIENCY OF DNA EXTRACTION FROM MATURE PIN OAK LEAVES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Mature oak (Quercus spp.) leaves, although abundantly available during the plants\ufffd developmental cycle, are rarely exploited as viable sources of genomic DNA. These leaves are rich in metabolites difficult to remove during standard DNA purification, interfering with downstream molecular genetics applications. The current work assessed whether in situ dark adaptation, to deplete sugar reserves and inhibit secondary metabolite synthesis could compensate for the difficulties encountered when isolating DNA from mature leaves rich in secondary metabolites. We optimized a rapid, commercial kit based method to extract genomic DNA from dark- and light-adapted leaves. We demonstrated that in situ dark adaptation increases the yield and quality of genomic DNA obtained from mature oak leaves, yielding templates of sufficiently high quality for direct downstream applications, such as PCR amplification and gene identification. The quality of templates isolated from dark-adapted pin oak leaves particularly improved the amplification of larger fragments in our experiments. From DNA extracts prepared with our optimized method, we identified for the first time partial segments of the genes encoding 18S rRNA and isoprene synthase (IspS) from pin oak (Quercus palustris), whose full genome has not yet been sequenced.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Prest, Rebecca, Sapp, Madison, Glise, Joe, Moore, Jaime<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS ON DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE-INDUCED COLITIS IN MICE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a chronic intestinal \\r\\ndisease in which probiotic bacteria have been \\r\\nshown to have beneficial effects. We examined \\r\\neffects of the probiotic VSL#3 for 3 days of \\r\\nrecovery after a 5-day treatment with 3% DSS. \\r\\nClinical signs of colitis were observed daily \\r\\nduring the treatment and recovery period. Samples \\r\\nwere collected for histological scoring and \\r\\nanalysis of colonic pro- inflammatory cytokine \\r\\nexpression through PCR. Real-time PCR for MMP-9 \\r\\nand KC showed a decrease in expression in the mice \\r\\ntreated with VSL#3. In conclusion, 3 days of \\r\\ntreatment with VSL#3 following acute DSS- induced \\r\\ncolitis did not significantly improve recovery.
\nFaculty Sponsor: KRISTEN WALTON<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Sanchez, Perla; Wells, Sidney; Comella, Elizabeth; Silvey, Ashley<\/b>.\u00a0NEUTRALIZING PROPERTIES OF ANTACIDS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
We will be performing an experiment testing the effectiveness of 2 different phases of antacids to evaluate their neutralizing properties. The purpose of an antacid it to reduce excess stomach acid to relieve pain by making the acidic pH of the stomach more basic. To test this, we will be recreating the environment of the stomach by using 3 different acidic solutions as a baseline and test how much their pH rises over the course 5 and 30 minutes, we should expect all of their pH levels to rise, but some may do so more than the other. As stated in our prediction, it is reasonable to think the liquid antacid will be more effective because it is dissolved it would react faster. From the results we did conclude that the liquid antacid appeared to be more effective. However, from our experiment we learned from trial and error, and found modifications we can do to this experiment in the future to have a more reliable conclusion.
\nFaculty Sponsor: MICHAEL GRANTHAM<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Grace Slater-Pinnick, Gabbie Phipps, Manaia Timson<\/b>.\u00a0MEASURING CHLOROPHYLL AND ANTHOCYANIN CONCENTRATION IN RED-OSIER DOGWOOD LEAVES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Since plants get there green color from the pigments in chlorophyll, we made the hypothesis that leaves that were turning red, yellow, or brown would have less chlorophyll than green leaves. We decided to test our hypothesis using dogwood leaves and measuring the amount of chlorophyll with a SpectroVis Plus. Our results showed there to be lower levels of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b in the red and yellow leaves compared to that of the green leaf, supporting our hypothesis; however, the chlorophyll levels in the brown leaf was very similar to that of the green leaf, rejecting our hypothesis. We deemed our results inconclusive
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Kaylin Smith, Toni Yeager, Kiah Kitchen<\/b>.\u00a0BACTERIA ARE AMONG US.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In this experiment bacteria were examined from different sources: a pond, a rotten tomato, termite guts and human teeth. Once the samples were obtained from each source they were smeared on a slide, stained, and observed. The results were then recorded.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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West, Matthew<\/b>.\u00a0EDUCATION INTERNSHIP AT REMINGTON NATURE CENTER.<\/i><\/dt>\n
As Education Intern at Remington Nature Center, I performed multiple maintenance and outreach services. During my time with the Nature Center, I learned valuable skills in animal care as well as the business plan of public nature centers. Additionally, I interacted with the public in regularly scheduled scientific outreach events.
\nFaculty Sponsor: MARK MILLS<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Adam Woodrum, Hallie Wilcoxson, Rebekah Landers, Brett Peukert, Kyle Heckenbach<\/b>.\u00a0ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION RATES OF YEAST SOLUTIONS AT VARYING TEMPERATURES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the general effect that temperature has on the rate of fermentation. The rate of fermentation was recorded at three different temperatures on an interval of 10 degrees Celsius. It was concluded that the higher the temperature, the greater the rate of fermentation within cells.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Internship\/Practicum Experience<\/i><\/h3>\n
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Daldrup, Cassandra<\/b>.\u00a0DICKERSON PARK ZOO INTERNSHIP.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This internship was spent at the Dickerson Park \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nZoo in Springfield, 大象传媒 for the course of \\r\\na \\\\r\\\\nmonth. There were several tasks to carry out \\r\\neach \\\\r\\\\nday of work, though the main ones of \\r\\nconcern were \\\\r\\\\ncleaning and prepping the \\r\\nenclosures, diets and \\\\r\\\\ndaily care of the \\r\\nanimals, and assisting the \\\\r\\\\npatrons. In \\r\\naddition I learned about how a zoo is \\\\r\\\\nrun and \\r\\nabout the animals themselves. It also gave \\\\r\\\\nme \\r\\nexperience in working with the public. This \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ninternship was one of my final requirements \\r\\nfor my \\\\r\\\\ngraduation in the Conservation program.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DeShazo, Madison<\/b>.\u00a0OUTREACH AND EDUCATION INTERNSHIP WITH MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster presents the internship experience I completed during Summer 2017. I was a naturalist aide under the naturalist with the Northwest regional office of the 大象传媒 Department of Conservation, Jada Tressler. We hosted a plethora of programs educating summerschool children, and the general public in Northwest 大象传媒.
\nFaculty Sponsor: C. D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Domann, Rachael<\/b>.\u00a0PROFESSIONAL INTERNSHIP WITH MDC: AN EXAMPLE OF APPLIED LEARNING PARTNERSHIP…..<\/i><\/dt>\n
During summer 2017 I was honored to be selected for a Fisheries Management internship position with the 大象传媒 Department of Conservation. I participated in numerous fish samplings of local lakes and ponds throughout Northwest 大象传媒 and the 大象传媒 River. Community samples were done regularly to allow the public the information of conditions of a particular body of water. This internship not only allowed me the tools and education to better myself for future employment, it got me excited for my future in conservation and possibly fisheries management.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Hayden, Tasha<\/b>.\u00a0MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION APPLIED INTERNSHIP: FISHERIES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
I worked with the 大象传媒 Department of Conservation in the fisheries division in the summer of 2017. Over the summer I acquired a lot of skills and knowledge. I participated in population surveys using a technique called electrofishing. I also learned habitat management skills. I also helped with planting aquatic plants as well as spray aquatic and terrestrial invasive plants. My favorite part of the experience was the fishing clinics. I love working with kids and helping them learn. This was a dream job and I was very grateful to have had this applied learning experience.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Hoover, Cole<\/b>.\u00a0PERSHING PARK INTERNSHIP.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In this poster I explain what activities I participated in working for the 大象传媒 Department of Natural Resources during my summer internship at Pershing State Park.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Kiefer, Josie\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: NATURAL RESOURCE AIDE; WALLACE STATE PARK CAMERON, MO.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The mission statement of the 大象传媒 state park \\r\\nsystem is to preserve and interpret the state\ufffds \\r\\nmost outstanding natural landscapes and cultural \\r\\nlandmarks, and to provide outstanding recreational \\r\\nopportunities compatible with those resources. I \\r\\nconducted my internship with Lana Woody, Wallace \\r\\nState Park Superintendent, in the summer of 2017 \\r\\nat Wallace State Park. During that time, I gained \\r\\nexperience at the ground level on how a state park \\r\\nin 大象传媒 is ran and how to deliver a very well \\r\\ndeveloped park program.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Malone, Steph<\/b>.\u00a0SUMMER INTERNSHIP WITH OUTREACH AND EDUCATION.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Working as an Intern for the 大象传媒 Department \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nof Conservation over the summer as part of the \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nOutreach and Education department is an \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ninformative and enlightening experience that, \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ndespite the short amount of time, was highly \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\neducational.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Mathern, Cassandra<\/b>.\u00a0APPLIED LEARNING INTERNSHIP AT THE DICKERSON PARK ZOO.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This paper outlines my internship experience and duties completed at the Dickerson Park Zoo as an animal care provider and how it will effect my future career.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. M.S. MILLS<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Literature Reviews<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Baker, Ethan Peukert, Brett<\/b>.\u00a0CAPE BUFFALO (SYNCERUS CAFFER CAFFER).<\/i><\/dt>\n
The Cape buffalo, (Syncerus caffer caffer), which is also known as the southern savanna buffalo is one of four subspecies of African buffalo which include forest buffalo, S.c. nanus, the West African savanna buffalo, S.c. brachyceros, and the Central African savanna buffalo, S.c. aequinoctialis. The Cape buffalo is the largest of the African buffalo species and is the only member of the Bovini to occur naturally in Africa. Cape buffalo are known for the aggression and territorial behavior. For this reason cape buffalo remain the only member of the bovidae family to remain undomesticated. There aggression has also earned them the reputation of being the most deadly member of Africa’s \ufffdBig 5\ufffd.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. C.D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Rosinski, Bryan\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0ECOLOGY OF THE COMMON WARTHOG (PHACOCHOERUS AFRICANUS).<\/i><\/dt>\n
The Common Warthog or Phacochoerus africanus, is \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\none of the most prominent of the wild pig \\r\\nspecies \\\\r\\\\nof Africa.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Brumback, Lauren Yanke, Riley<\/b>.\u00a0HONEY BADGERS (MELLIVORA CAPENSIS)\u00a0.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster is about honey badgers; where they live, what they \\r\\neat, how they live, and how they behave.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Campbell, Kaitlyn and Hayward, Laney<\/b>.\u00a0NATURAL HISTORY & CONSERVATION OF THE GRANT’S GAZELLE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster is describing the life about the Grant’s gazelle and the conservation methods on preserving their habitat it Africa, as well as gaining more studies as possible and learning their movement methods in the wild.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Daldrup, Cassandra Gawley, Nick<\/b>.\u00a0NORTH AMERICAN PRONGHORN.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The North American pronghorn is a species native to North America and the only species of its family. This project regards information habitat and ecology, conservation,biology, reproduction, and relations to the antelope. This was a requirement or the course Mammology and is one of the final requirements for completing the course. This poster presentation covers all that was researched about his particular species.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
DeShazo, Madison; Hayes, Olivia<\/b>.\u00a0NATURAL HISTORY OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OTTER.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster presents information on the otter. It includes life history, ecology, trophic levels, conservation issues, and habitat. Pictures and references are also included.
\nFaculty Sponsor: C. D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
DeShazo, Madison<\/b>.\u00a0TRANSPIRATION IN GERANIUM LEAVES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster presents my experiment for measuring the rate of transpiration in geranium leaves. There was a control, darkness, and the environmental factor, light from a 100 watt lamp. I used the LoggerPro software, and the Vernier Gas Pressure Sensor.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
(Doering, Branden) (Kessler, Dakota)<\/b>.\u00a0AMERICAN BLACK BEAR (URSUS AMERICANUS).<\/i><\/dt>\n
This research project was about the North American Black Bear (Ursus americana). We researched its history, lifestyle, and its role in conservation.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Domann, Rachael Kiefer, Josie\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0THOMSON’S GAZELLE (EUDORCAS THOMSONII).<\/i><\/dt>\n
The Thomson’s Gazelle lives in the Serengeti region of Kenya and Tanzania Africa. They can grow to weigh between 26-187 lbs. There mating season occurs during the rainy season mostly to benefit the young. They are classified as a near threatened species. the total population only has about 550,000 left on the planet.
\nFaculty Sponsor: C. D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Euler, Michael Hayden, Tasha<\/b>.\u00a0THE NORTH AMERICAN MOOSE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster details, both in text and pictures, several facts of the Moose. History, habitat, and conservation are discussed. The Moose from the Biology Department is featured, so students and the public can view a Moose head at their leisure.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Filley, James, Whitman, Isaac<\/b>.\u00a0NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION OF WHITE-TAILED DEER.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster is a review of information about white-tailed deer. Specifically, examining the range, both historic and present, habitat, behavior, life cycle, and management of white-tailed deer. Additionally, we briefly examined Chronic Wasting Disease and how it impacts white-tailed deer.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Glore, Caitlin; Marks, Mackenzie<\/b>.\u00a0MOUNTAIN LIONS: EVOLUTION OF A PHENOMENA.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The mountain lions are massive creatures that have evolved and expanded their population over a many years.The perception of this creature has went from a ghost or phenomena to a creature of awe and even concern today. The puma concolor, greatly misunderstood.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Hoover, Cole; Darling, Nick<\/b>.\u00a0DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATYPUS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In this poster we discuss various information about the platypus. These include: description, diet, behavior, habitat, and others.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Kessler, Dakota<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COLORS OF LIGHT ON PLANTS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
I tested the effect of green, blue, and white light and the growth of pinto bean plants. The experiment was performed over a three week period. Green grew the best, blue was second, and white was last.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Lavelle, Katie, Miller, Samuel<\/b>.\u00a0DALL SHEEP LITERATURE REVIEW.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This literature review gives a detailed description of the Dall Sheep through an informational poster, which includes an overall introduction of the Dall Sheep, its habitat, herd structure, and its conservation status.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Mathern, Cassandra; Phelps, Jessica<\/b>.\u00a0NATURAL HISTRY & CONSERVATION OF CHEETAHS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This poster has information related to the taxonomy, distribution, locomotion, conservation, and reproduction of the Cheetah.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. C.D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Pauley, Brittney<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECTS OF SALT WATER ON PINTO BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS).<\/i><\/dt>\n
Pinto beans are a common bean plant that is produced primarily for human consumption. Agricultural plants are very important to our society and can be impacted by many abiotic factors such as drought, extreme temperatures, and salinity. In this experiment we used four different salt concentrations: 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and a control to test the effects of the salt on the plants. We hypothesized that the lower salt concentrations would have a lesser effect on the plants, than the higher salt concentrations. Our hypothesis was supported. Higher salt concentrations had greater impacts on the plant.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CSENGELE BARTA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Teegarden, Dailee & Ziegler, Ann<\/b>.\u00a0FORAGING AND VIGILANCE BEHAVIOR IN IMPALAS\u00a0.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Our literature review was focused upon the niche in which the impala resides and the influence of predators on behavior. Impalas are naturally heard animals that reside in South East Africa. However, Impalas share terrain with large predators such as cheetahs, lions and leopards. These predators have an impact upon the vigilance and foraging behaviors in impalas. Often times there is a trade off between vigilance in foraging. On one hand impalas may become more vigilant and decrease foraging in the presence of a predator or when in fear of danger. However, since impalas are herd mammals they may not decrease vigilance in the presence of danger as the herd itself provides provides an increased chance in survival. We reviewed literature to better understand if the presence of predators significantly impacted the vigilance and foraging of impalas. After reviewing the results of research and experiments done we conclude that there is not in fact a significant difference.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. C. D. CHEVALIER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY<\/i><\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Wilson Riley, Luke Alex, Fergione Sarah\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVE SC35 PROTEIN BINDING SEQUENCES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The goal of this project was to apply already established Neural Network prototype on different biological setting and relate newly developed artificial intelligence to the decision process about predicted binding activities. The original prototype was adjusted, trained and validated with data set represented by SC35 selected binding sequences for the active output, together with the set of complimentary sequences used to simulate the inactive output. As evidenced by the promising results found in this preliminary research, the use of neural networks has proven to be useful and efficient for data mining and creating recognizable patterns to solve current issues in medicine, social economy, finances, and more.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. STAN SVOJANOVSKY<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE MATH AND PHYSICS<\/i><\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Reznick, Nicholas<\/b>.\u00a0AN INTRODUCTION TO RAMSEY NUMBERS AND RAMSEY SATURATON.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Given graphs F & H, the Ramsey number is the minimum n such that in any edge-coloring of Kn with colors red and blue, you can find either a red F or a blue H in Kn. This is an introduction to Ramsey numbers, coloring numbers, and Ramsey saturation. This poster will also describe some interesting results involving Ramsey numbers where F & H are trees.
\nFaculty Sponsor: MCCUNE, LORI<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Literature Reviews<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Estrada, Autumn; Kessler, Brooke<\/b>.\u00a0THE FIREFIGHTER PROBLEM.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Introduced in 1995 by Bert Hartell, The Firefighter Problem models the spread of a fire on a graph. On the graph G, a fire breaks out at a vertex of V at time 0. Next, a firefighter defends a vertex of G, then the fire spreads to all adjacent non-defended vertices. Once defended, a vertex can never be burned. The spreading of the fire continues in this same format and terminates when the fire can no longer spread. This is a review of \ufffdThe Firefighter Problem: A survey of results, directions, and questions\ufffd by Stephen Finbow and Gary MacGillivray.
\nFaculty Sponsor: LORI MCCUNE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Slater Kaden, Nicholas Kempf<\/b>.\u00a0GRAPHS AS POLYHEDRA; POLYHEDRA AS GRAPHS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
We review a paper of Gr\ufffdnbaum which gives a general definition for non-convex polyhedra using graph theory. We present Steinitz\ufffds theorem, which is used to represent convex polyhedra in terms of graphs, and graphs in terms of convex polyhedra. Next, we present Gr\ufffdnbaum\ufffds definition of polygons and mention some of the consequences of defining polygons in this way. The main goal is to give a definition of polyhedra that considers polyhedra from a more graph theoretic perspective. We present the definition of polyhedra given by Gr\ufffdnbaum and the consequences of, as well as a reason for such a definition is discussed.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. MCCUNE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Mattoon, Devin<\/b>.\u00a0PROABILITY OF SPANNING SUBTREES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
A\u00a0subgraph, H, of a graph G, is a graph which contains only vertices and edges that exist in G. A\u00a0subtree, T,\u00a0is a subgraph of G that contains no cycles, and a\u00a0spanning tree\u00a0is a subtree that contains all the vertices from G. Given a randomly selected subtree of a complete graph, what is the probability that the subtree spans? This question and similar questions were asked in the mathematical paper\u00a0Pick a Tree \ufffd Any Tree\u00a0by Alex Chin, Gary Gordon, Kellie MacPhee, and Charles Vincent. This poster is a report on their odd but interesting findings.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. LORI MCCUNE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Nute, Jeremee<\/b>.\u00a0COUNTING ON DETERMINANTS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In\u00a0Counting on Determinants, Benjamin and Cameron look at two separate problems: four ants and four different morsels of food and the possible paths taken by the ants given limited movements, and permutations with specified descents. This poster reviews the methods used to answer various questions related to these two problems. The overarching theme that runs through these two problems is trying to count the number of different possibilities there are using Linear Algebra, Combinatorics, and Graph Theory.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. LORI MCCUNE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Rastorfer, Courtney<\/b>.\u00a0A GRAPH WITH FOUR INDEPENDENT CROSSINGS IS FIVE COLORABLE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
A coloring of a graph is a way of labeling the vertices with \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ncolors in such a way that no two adjacent vertices share a \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ncolor Albertson suggested that the independent crossings \\r\\nin a \\\\r\\\\ngraph have an effect on the coloring of the graph. This \\r\\nled to \\\\r\\\\nthe suggestion that a graph with exactly four \\r\\nindependent \\\\r\\\\ncrossings is five colorable. Using the Four \\r\\nColor Conjecture, \\\\r\\\\nand the definition of planar, Harman \\r\\ndeveloped a proof to \\\\r\\\\nsupport this theorem. This poster will \\r\\noutline the conjecture \\\\r\\\\nand the data used to support it.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. LORI MCCUNE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Rastorfer, Courtney<\/b>.\u00a0A GRAPH WITH FOUR INDEPENDENT CROSSINGS IS FIVE COLORABLE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
A coloring of a graph is a way of labeling the vertices with \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ncolors in such a way that no two adjacent vertices share a \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\ncolor Albertson suggested that the independent crossings \\r\\nin a \\\\r\\\\ngraph have an effect on the coloring of the graph. This \\r\\nled to \\\\r\\\\nthe suggestion that a graph with exactly four \\r\\nindependent \\\\r\\\\ncrossings is five colorable. Using the Four \\r\\nColor Conjecture, \\\\r\\\\nand the definition of planar, Harman \\r\\ndeveloped a proof to \\\\r\\\\nsupport this theorem. This poster will \\r\\noutline the conjecture \\\\r\\\\nand the data used to support it.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. LORI MCCUNE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Urban, Dannie<\/b>.\u00a0THE BIRDS AND THE BEES: BOUNDING DEGREE SEQUENCES OF BIPARTITE GRAPHS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Suppose a random set of women told the truth on how many men they have been with. Would the corresponding set of men\ufffds fabled tales on how many women they\ufffdve been with, still hold true? Over this presentation we\ufffdll be using Sam Pine\ufffds mathematics journal “Bounds for elements of the degree sequence of an unknown vertex set in a balanced bipartite graph” to explore and review some High School Prom Theorem like questions using the Gale-Ryser Theorem, definition of a balanced bipartite graph, ceilings, floors, and more in order to bound the unknown.
\nFaculty Sponsor: LORI MCCUNE<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE\/LEGAL STUDIES\/SOCIAL WORK<\/i><\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Eggers, Sara and Jones, Seth<\/b>.\u00a0RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM.<\/i><\/dt>\n
American society is becoming more racially divided. According to the perception of the public, racial bias in the criminal justice system is widespread. This is a result of celebrated cases of police misconduct. In reality, racial bias is not widespread in the criminal justice system. But we do know it does exist in the two most sensitive areas; the use of lethal force, and capital punishment. By the age of ten, children show a strong racial bias because it is developed in early childhood. This is a result from how the public perceives negative law enforcement encounters. No matter what the research shows us, public perception will always win.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GODBOLDT<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Hamm, Elisa and Sievers, Quinton<\/b>.\u00a0WHY CURRENT IMMIGRATION POLICIES ARE WORKING.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The current immigration policies that are in place in the United States today are working, and those laws should remain intact for the betterment of the United States and also immigrants coming to America. Right now, it is hard for many immigrants, both legally and illegally, to come into America and stay in America without getting into some type of trouble. Immigrants face very demanding requirements in order to obtain citizenship in the United States. Immigrants benefit the United States economically, but also receive economic and social benefits from being a part of the United States. Immigrants must face many hardships when they come into the United States legally or illegally on a daily basis. There are also many misconceptions that people have toward illegal\/legal immigrants that can create unwarranted stereotypes that can have a negative impact on both immigrants and the citizens of the country they are immigrating too.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GODBOLDT<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Haskell, Derek and Novinger, Jon<\/b>.\u00a0PRO-GUN CONCEALED CARRY ON COLLEGE CAMPUS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Being able to carry a concealed firearm is a highly debated topic amongst our society. After a serious amount of research done, having people with the correct amount of training with a gun is a good thing. There are studies that show that with the proper training and intense qualifications conceal and carry is a preventative measure for active shooters and mass shooting situations. In places like a college campus, certain individuals should be able to carry a concealed firearm for protection. Both students and faculty would be encouraged to get the training and pass a qualification that would be required to carry a concealed firearm in a school or on a college campus.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GODBOLDT<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
McBee, Mekelle and Wright, Rachel<\/b>.\u00a0COMMUNITY-BASED TREATMENT FOR MENTALLY ILL OFFENDERS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Treatment for individuals with mental illness is a controversial topic. Currently there are two types of treatment facilities where individuals can go. The two treatment types are community based treatment and institutional based treatment. The option that will best benefit the mentally ill individual is community based treatment. Community based treatment will provide the individual with specialized treatment plans, and can lead to lower recidivism rates. Community based will also help the individuals learn basic life skills and be able to focus more on treatment than safety, like institutional based treatment. Our paper will discuss the benefits of community based treatment, and how it is the better choice for mentally ill individuals.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GODBOLDT<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Peterson, Taylor and Simmons, Sarah<\/b>.\u00a0IMMIGRATION – CRIME AND POLICY.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The process to becoming a legal immigrant is a very long and lengthy process. There are four main types of visas that immigrants can apply for: employment visa, family-based visa, humanitarian, and a DV-1 visa. Based on social disorganization theory it is thought that due to immigrants settling in communities with high poverty and population heterogeneity they will be inclined to commit crime. Through our research we have found this to be untrue. Multiple studies on immigration populations have shown that immigration cause a reduction in crime. Therefore, immigration might reasonably be expected to be more disorganized, at the same time, it produces less crime.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GODBOLDT<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Steiner, Kent and Wilkerson, Rylee<\/b>.\u00a0DE-MILITARIZATION OF POLICE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Police militarization is a huge issue in the Unites States. It is becoming harder and harder for people to trust and relate to the police and militarization is playing a huge factor in that. There are issues that come from its origins in the Vietnam war and the war on drugs. There are also issues with the use of military tactics being disproportionally used on certain ethnic classes and the alienation that this bias causes. Programs like the 1033 program make it much easier for agencies to get these weapons but the lack of democratic oversight on these acquisitions is too low. However, all hope is not lost and we can combat the militarization of the police by taking certain precautions and following certain steps.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GODBOLDT<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Thomas, Dallas and Guerrero, Luis<\/b>.\u00a0PROFILING AND POLICING.<\/i><\/dt>\n
This paper is written to explain and highlight the factors and statistical evidence that is used every day in policing. Dallas and I have compiled an array of scholarly sources that illustrate the criminal justice system using similar policies and procedures as universities, hospitals, and fortune 500 companies; either to target their audience for their goods and services or in the case of criminal justice’s, to target who the 6% are that are committing the crimes more constantly and frequently. The reader must be open minded and be objective while reading this paper, we are not proponents of police brutality or un-just police tactics. We are simply shedding light on a topic that is being portrayed in a negative matter by fake news and anti-police groups.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GODBOLDT<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY<\/i><\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Jacob Dovel, Sarah Johnson, and Ali Albensaad<\/b>.\u00a0DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FREQUENCY MODULATION AND DEMODULATION.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Frequency modulation (FM) is widely used for radio transmissions for a wide variety of applications from broadcasting to general point to point communications. Understanding the theory of FM and observing the process of modulation and demodulation is very important in the study of communication systems course. This project constructs the circuits showing the frequency modulation process by using the IC XR-2206 and frequency demodulation process by using the IC LM565CN phase locked loop (PLL). An information signal of 200 Hz is provided through a function generator as the modulating signal. An FM signal is produced at the output of the modulator, which serves as the input of the demodulator. The frequency demodulator implemented by the LM565CN PLL recovers the original information signal at the output of PLL from the FM signal. Both frequency modulation and demodulation processes are examined by experiments and related signal waveforms are shown in oscilloscope.
\nFaculty Sponsor: SHENSHENG TANG<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Potter, Zachary Losack, Trent O\ufffdRourke, John\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0IMPROVEMENT OF SWITCHES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Using Transistors as switches, then improving the switch to better show a circuit in cutoff or saturation. Showing how transistors, potentiometers, switches and, light emitting diodes (LED) work together in a circuit board.
\nFaculty Sponsor: JINWEN ZHU<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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\n
Ray, Caleb Ray; Griffin, Darius\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0AM\/FM RADIO ASSEMBLY.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Electronics assembly and circuit debugging are the required abilities for students in Electronics Engineering Technology (EET) major. In this course project, individual students are involved in the assembly of an AM\/FM Radio, where they can get comprehensive hands-on experience through independently assembling and soldering electronic components onto the Printed circuit board (PCB) and performing circuit debugging. The AM\/FM Radio is a \ufffdsuperheterodyne\ufffd receiver of the standard AM and FM broadcast frequencies. The actual assembly is broken down into nine separate sections, which allows the student to learn how each section works and contributes to the entire device. Each section involves independent tests and measurements to prove that it is functioning properly. A final alignment procedure is used to peak the performance of the radio receiver and maximize its reception capability.
\nFaculty Sponsor: SHENSHENG TANG<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PE AND RECREATION<\/i><\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Ruff, Kayla and Saladino, Shyanne<\/b>.\u00a0EXAMINATION OF ATHLETIC BURNOUT BETWEEN COLLEGIATE TEAM AND INDIVIDUAL SPORT ATHLETES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Athletic burnout is a multidimensional syndrome characterized by increased physical and mental exhaustion, reduced accomplishments, and sport devaluation. Burnout also plays a role in why collegiate athletes do not complete years of eligibility. It is important to study this topic so that coaches can recognize burnout symptoms in athletes and develop interventions. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in athlete burnout among collegiate athletes in team sports and individual sports. Study participants were team sport athletes at MWSU (n=20) and individual sport athletes (n=20). Participants who consented to participate completed The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) and a survey measuring self-motivation. Results from independent t-tests comparing team-sport and individual-sport athletes on reduced sense of accomplishment, emotional\/physical exhaustion, and sport devaluation were not significant. Correlation results however, indicated a significant negative correlation (r=-.56, p <.01) between athletes\ufffd global burnout scores (ABQ) and self-motivation.
\nFaculty Sponsor: WILLIAM RUSSELL<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF HONORS<\/i><\/h2>\n

Literature Reviews<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Pickering, Bayley, Patterson, Hunter, Winker, Liv<\/b>.\u00a0HUMAN SEX TRAFFICKING\u00a0.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Human sex trafficking is a prevailing human rights issue, not just in other countries, but also within the United States. The younger generation needs to be educated on the topic and given resources which they can use to help end the problem. There are easy ways to get involved like service projects, petitions, knowing the laws, and contacting local legislation. It is also necessary to provide resources for victims like hotlines and contacts of professionals that can assist them. Implementing laws and justice, aiding the victims, and educating ourselves are all ways to help end human sex trafficking.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DAVID TUSHAUS<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF NURSING<\/i><\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Boles Shiloh, Leslie, Holly, Lewis, Lewis, Phipps, Paige, Pouliot, Ashley, Rose, Tabatha\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0DIABETIC ALERT DOGS: UNDERSTANDING THE EFFICACY OF ALTERNATIVE PREVENTION OF DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015), estimate that diabetes afflicts 30.3 million people in the United States (U.S.). Diabetes is a very expensive chronic disease with many severe complications. The purpose of this project was to utilize the ACE Star Model to systematically examine the literature surrounding the use of Diabetes Assistance Dogs (DADs). DADs can significantly improve functioning and recognition of hypoglycemic episodes. Further exploration and research surrounding the use of DADs is needed in order to make this alternative resource more accessible and affordable to individuals of all ages with diabetes.
\nFaculty Sponsor: JULIE BALDWIN<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Davis, Avery Hess,Chelsea Atwell, Shelbie Clinton, Kaysie<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR NUTRITIONAL DEFICITS IN CANCER PATIENTS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Malnutrition takes place in 40-80% of cancer patients. Nutritional status affects the physical, psychological, and overall well-being of a person. By enforcing interventions such as healthy caloric intake, medications to help decrease nausea and stimulate appetite, and educating health care workers and patients to increase health literacy in patients regarding nutritional deficits related to the diagnosis of cancer. The overall quality of life can be improved in cancer patients by finding effective ways to promote nutrition.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CRISTI CAMPBELL<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Gabauer, Jordan; Peterson, Chandler; Stevens, Breanna; Wright, Justin<\/b>.\u00a0AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE PROTOCOL: PREVENTING AND TREATING NURSE BURNOUT SYNDROME IN THE ICU\u00a0.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The consequences of nurse burnout syndrome can be detrimental to the nurse, hospital, and patients. A protocol was created to prevent and treat nurse burnout syndrome in the ICU. The literature supports standardized assessment for nurse burnout syndrome. Organizations are encouraged to provide physiologically and psychologically safe working environments by supporting lower patient ratios, life-work balance, and teamwork. Nurses reported less burnout when they felt supported, valued, and recognized. Effective treatment for burnout includes stress management workshops to improve coping mechanisms. A protocol with these elements may assist ICUs decrease nurse burnout syndrome and improve nursing satisfaction and patient outcomes.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. MACHELLE SKINNER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Literature Reviews<\/i><\/h3>\n
\n
Alldredge, Curtis; Barnard, Heather; Cranfield, Melissa; Kleeman, Cassie<\/b>.\u00a0TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Targeted temperature management (TTM) is a seldom used new treatment to prevent neurological damage during a cardiac arrest. The purpose of this project was to conduct a literature review with the goal of identifying an evidenced based practice (EPB) concerning TTM. The Ace Star Model was used to evaluate TTM as an effective EBP. Research showed that TTM is an effective but underutilized treatment for cardiac arrest to prevent neurological damage. However, hospitals need to be prepared to use this treatment. This includes have a policy, educating staff, and having cooling equipment available.
\nFaculty Sponsor: KARMAN ROMERO<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Becker, Cynthia; Mitchell, Raven; Orlando, Valerie<\/b>.\u00a0NURSES’ RIGHTS AND THE EFFECT ON PATIENT CARE.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Current events inspired ideas and questions about the rights of nurses. The purpose of this project was to determine if a nurse\ufffds knowledge of his\/her rights impacts patient care. A literature review was conducted to see if nurses were aware of their rights and if this affected patient care. The Ace Start Model was used to see if findings from the literature review warranted a new evidence based practice. Research showed that nurses not being aware of their rights negatively impacted patient care. The conclusion was made that nurses should be educated on their rights.
\nFaculty Sponsor: KARMAN ROMERO<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Bowers, Jessica Glaubius, Carissa Gump, Jessica Wright, Brittany<\/b>.\u00a0HOW THE LACK OF SLEEP IN TEENS IMPACTS SUICIDAL TENDENCIES.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Sleep is a vital component to an adolescent as it affects the ability to think, behave, and feel. It is recommended that adolescents get an average of eight to ten hours of sleep per night. Evidence has shown that a lack of adequate sleep increases the risk of suicidal ideation in adolescents as well as suicide attempts leading to fatalities. Suicide is the second most common preventable cause of adolescent death in the world. The purpose of our research is to promote sleep hygiene in adolescents by making our audience aware of the adverse effects that can occur due to decreased sleep.
\nFaculty Sponsor: BEKAH QUILLIN<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Bradford, Ashley; Davis, Mandy; Johnson, Kortnie; McDonald, Laura<\/b>.\u00a0RISKS OF SPREADING MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The number of cases of diseases that were once thought to be eradicated in the United States have started to rise. A literature review was completed to evaluate whether the increase in cases of measles, mumps, and rubella is being caused by parents choosing to not vaccinate their children. The Empowerment Theory and the Health Belief Theory were used to conclude how an evidenced based practice can increase the number of parents who chose to vaccinate, which will lead to fewer cases of measles, mumps, and rubella.
\nFaculty Sponsor: KARMAN ROMERO<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Cofer, Taylor; Galing, Laura; McKiddy, Samantha; Tran, Van<\/b>.\u00a0HEALTH PROMOTION FOR ALZHEIMER’S AND RELATED DEMENTIAS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
In the United States, Alzheimer\ufffds and related dementias are increasing in incidence as the population ages. To improve patients\ufffd quality of life, researchers have been studying interventions and health promotion related to this chronic problem. They are also looking at how to manage this ineluctable issue effectively and efficiently. Evidence suggests that early diagnosis, nutritional status, good sleeping habits, and activity have a significant impact on the Alzheimer\ufffds and related dementias population. Research has demonstrated that a consumption of sufficient nutrition decreases the incidence of developing dementia and also improves the life of people who are suffering from the disease. An adequate amount of sleeping time has been found to enhance a person\ufffds memory. Early diagnosis allows the patient and family time to plan the care for when the dementia worsens, take care of pressing needs, and possibly slow the progression of the disease. Mental and physical activity along with promoting independence for the individual has seen to improve the quality of daily living for the individual.
\nFaculty Sponsor: BEKAH QUILLIN<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DeHaemers, Briana; Dover, Sherri; Marta, Paige; Sandusky, Dana<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTS OF AROMATHERAPY ON ANXIETY.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Essential oils are currently popular for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this project was to evaluate aromatherapy as an effective treatment for anxiety of hospitalized patients. A literature review showed that essential oils have been used for centuries and are widely used in other countries. The Iowa Model of Evidence Based Practice was used for assessment and concluded that certain essential oils would be effective in reducing anxiety for patients that are hospitalized.
\nFaculty Sponsor: KARMAN ROMERO<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Evans, Skyler; Griffin, Blair; Guthrie, Marissa; King, Samantha; Leibrandt, Missy; Thomsen, Tasha<\/b>.\u00a0BENEFITS OF ORAL HEALTH IN OLDER ADULTS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
The number of adults 65 years and older are expected to total 98 million by 2060. Oral health is an important factor affecting the overall health and quality of life in older adults. Poor oral health can worsen current disease processes or initiate new health problems. Because of the link between oral health and overall health and well- being, oral care in the older adult population is an important public health issue that needs to be addressed. This project describes a protocol created for the primary health setting that will focus attention on the oral health of older adults.
\nFaculty Sponsor: MACHELLE SKINNER<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Jordan Breckenridge, Monica Corso, Lexie Martin, Rachel Smith<\/b>.\u00a0HEALTH PROMOTION FOR PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO DRUGS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
For this paper, we researched the effects maternal substance abuse has on a baby during pregnancy. This paper concentrates on studies that talked about the specific effects substance abuse had on the baby, different ways to test for substance abuse, the stigma that is placed on mothers who abuse drugs or alcohol while pregnant and how it can affect both the mom and baby, a study that discusses different treatment options for mothers who are having problems with substance abuse, as well as other topics. With the information gathered from other research teams, we were able to see that there is an overall negative correlation to the baby\ufffds health if the mother had some kind of substance abuse problem while pregnant. Throughout this paper, different research is discussed and presented to help support the negative effects of substance abuse while pregnant.
\nFaculty Sponsor: BEKAH QUILLIN<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Larson, Meghan, Boehmer, Sydni, Woods, Brittany, Rivers, Brandy, Shelton, Kelsey<\/b>.\u00a0IMMUNIZATIONS: PARENTAL CONCERNS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Controversies and misconceptions of immunizations have elicited concerns among parents regarding why they should allow their child to be exposed to unnecessary dangers. \ufffdWhen presenting this vaccination to parents, physicians should focus on the universal aspect of the recommendation, the efficacy and safety of the vaccine.\ufffd (Oschner, 2008). As a nurse, it is our duty to educate families regarding common misconceptions as well as the benefits associated with the process of immunizing their children. The Registered Nurse must serve as an advocate for timely administration, ensuring protection for the child being immunized as well as those that they come in contact with.
\nFaculty Sponsor: JILL MORSBACH<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Leners, Yvonne; Sells, Paula; Sousa, Glenda; Stanley, Vera<\/b>.\u00a0VIOLENCE TOWARD HEALTH CARE WORKERS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Workplace violence is a critical issue with severe consequences. The purpose of this project was to evaluate strategies to lessen the risk of violence toward health care workers. A literature review was conducted and showed that there were several factors that led to workplace violence. The Iowa Model of Evidenced Based Practice was used to evaluate data on this topic. It was concluded that having interventions in place such as the Behavioral Emergency Response Team could reduce the incidence of violence towards healthcare workers.
\nFaculty Sponsor: KARMAN ROMERO<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY<\/i><\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/i><\/h3>\n
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Dwyer, Emma; Enciso, Crystal; Johnson, Brooke; Johnson, Dasia; Leggett, McCown; Skinner, Dedrick; Mandracchia, Jon<\/b>.\u00a0SUICIDALITY AND SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS: COMPARING COLLEGE STUDENTS TO THEIR NON-COLLEGE PEERS.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Social connectedness has been shown to be an important factor related to suicide. Therefore, we examined relationships and suicidal ideation among college students and their non-college peers. Participants were ages 18-25 years old and were recruited to complete the survey online through social media and in person via paper-and-pencil surveys. They completed questionnaires asking about their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships to determine what factors may contribute to suicidal ideation. In conclusion, we found that college students and their non-college peers did not differ in suicidality and identified some specific relationships that were related to suicidality.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. JON MANDRACCHIA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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Gunasekera, Sanjay, Lewis, Kitty, Lund, Tessa, Souther, Jordan, Watkins, Donte, Wood, Miriah<\/b>.\u00a0PREDICTING CHANGE IN COLLEGE AND THE END OF HISTORY ILLUSION.<\/i><\/dt>\n
Everyone develops and changes with age. Many people do not believe they will change as much as they might actually change. This is known as the \ufffdEnd of History Illusion\ufffd (Quoidbach, Gilbert, & Wilson, 2013). We attempted to replicate the Quidbach et al study using 69 freshman and senior college students, adding variables that are known to significantly change from freshman to senior years. For personality, self-esteem, and fitness\/weight, seniors reported significantly more change when they reflected back to their freshman year than did freshmen anticipating how they would be as seniors, confirming the “end of history illusion.”
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. TEDDI DEKA<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

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94 submissions listed.<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
BIOLOGY<\/td>\n58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEMISTRY<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COMPUTER SCIENCE MATH AND PHYSICS<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMINAL JUSTICE\/LEGAL STUDIES\/SOCIAL WORK<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALTH PE AND RECREATION<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HONORS<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NURSING<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PSYCHOLOGY<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
ANALYTICAL PAPER\/ANALYSIS<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EMPIRICAL<\/td>\n47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INTERNSHIP<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITERATURE REVIEW<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PROTOTYPE<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>