{"id":5421,"date":"2023-01-03T08:45:55","date_gmt":"2023-01-03T14:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.missouriwestern.edu\/appliedlearning\/?page_id=5421"},"modified":"2023-01-03T08:45:55","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T14:45:55","slug":"fall-2021-mrd","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.missouriwestern.edu\/appliedlearning\/fall-2021-mrd\/","title":{"rendered":"Fall 2021 MRD"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Program for the Fall 2021 Multidisciplinary Research Day<\/h2>\n
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DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY<\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
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Pearl, Maddie and Rowland, Katelynn\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0PANDA BEAR BEWARE\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The giant panda, commonly referred to as the panda bear, is one of many animals that have suffered at the hands of human kind. Giant pandas have been classified as vulnerable, meaning they\u2019re one step away from being endangered. They used to live in the lowlands of mountain ranges in Central China, but were forced out by farming and deforestation. They now live up in the mountains, where their diet consists mainly of bamboo and leaves. On the bright side, these panda bears were once classified as endangered, but thanks to efforts made by conservationists they are on the rise and have been classified as vulnerable. This is just the tip of the iceberg though, because a lot more effort will need to be put in for these animals to survive and thrive in the future.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. TILO ROY<\/span>
\ntroy1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Blanton, Gaige<\/b>.\u00a0THE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES OF THE MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION ON INVASIVE SERICEA LESPEDEZA<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
A review of the management techniques used by the \\r\\n大象传媒 Department of Conservation to control the \\r\\ninvasive plant species, Sericea lespedeza. This will \\r\\nfeature first hand experience of this process via my \\r\\nSummer internship with the department.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. C.D. CHEVALIER<\/span>
\ngblanton@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Burriss, Julianna, Ziebarth, Bowyn, Kammerer, Kyle\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF CURVED DNA ON E. COLI PROMOTERS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Curved DNA results from a sequence-dependent alteration of the trajectory of the double helical axis. Blocks of four to six adenine (A) or thymine (T) bases individually cause small curvature angles that add up to large overall curvature when they occur at periodicities near the helical repeat of DNA (10 or 11 bases). Curved DNA has been shown to play several roles in nature, including the initiation of DNA replication, the positioning of eukaryotic nucleosomes, and attachment of the nuclear matrix to chromosome domains. Based on preliminary reports in the literature, we sought to clarify the role of DNA curvature in the initiation of transcription in bacteria. We cloned three curved DNA promoters in E. coli in a plasmid that includes a RFP reporter gene. We investigated the promoters in silico with computer modeling of the DNA seqeunces, in vitro with gel electrophoresis measurements of the curved DNA, in vivo with fluorometry measurements of RFP expression driven by the cloned promoters.
\nFaculty Sponsor: TODD ECKDAHL<\/span>
\njburriss@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Byron, Gheiza and Pirkel, Rebecca<\/b>.\u00a0SAVE THE BLACK RHINOS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The black rhinoceros also known as the hook-lipped rhinoceros is a species of rhinoceros native to southern Africa. The rhinoceros is a critical species in maintaining the African ecosystems they inhabit. Recently the black rhinoceros has been faced with both natural and man-made threats. They have been faced with poachers killing them for their horns as well as habitat loss. As of now they are listed as a critically endangered species. Although their future may seem grim there have been many conservation practices put in place, and their population is slowly recovering.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. TILO ROY<\/span>
\ntroy1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Cook, Tyson and Madison, Hailey<\/b>.\u00a0SEA TURTLES AND THEIR CONSERVATION<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Every year, an estimated 8 million tons of trash and debris are flooded into our oceans. This waste is extremely detrimental to native ecosystems. Sea turtles are air breathing reptiles that have lived in our oceans for 100 million years; however, oceanic pollution has forced 6 of the remaining 7 species into the threat of extinction. Current conservation efforts are focused on removing excess waste and debris from our ocean systems and providing undisturbed spaces for sea turtles to lay and hatch their eggs.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. TILO ROY<\/span>
\ntroy1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Hendrickson, Zach & Bicklein, Walter<\/b>.\u00a0SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The salt creek tiger beetle, scientific name Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, has been listed as one of the rarest insects in the world, with only an estimated four hundred individuals remaining. The beetle is only found in the saline wetlands of Lancaster and Saunder counties in Nebraska. The habitat of this beetle has decreased greatly from 1,070,080 acres to only 2,400 acres today; they are now only found in one lake and it\u2019s tributary salt marshes. The main reason for this loss in habitat and decrease in population has been the straightening of streams, the construction of dams and other reservoirs, and the draining or filling of the salt marshes for farmland. Efforts to preserve the species include the monitoring and preservation of the remaining salt marshes and captive breeding and release programs in an attempt to increase population size and introduce new populations to different areas.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. TILO ROY<\/span>
\ntroy1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Kaderly, Brooke Hart, Jessica Poku, Caleb<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTS OF PREBIOTICS ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE-INDUCED COLITIS IN MICE<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation of the intestine. The causes of IBD are not well understood but may include abnormal interactions between the normal gut microbiota and the host\u2019s intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. Prebiotics refer to dietary components that nourish the normal microbiome of the gut. Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) is a chemical that induces colitis, or inflammation of the intestines, in mice. In this experiment we aimed to test whether fructooligosaccharides, a type of soluble fiber with prebiotic properties, altered susceptibility to colitis in the DSS colitis model. These effects were assessed using analysis of colonic mRNA expression by RT-PCR, analysis of specific probiotic bacterial groups by quantitative PCR, as well as histological analysis of colon from each group. Ongoing studies will determine whether fructooligosaccharide treatment altered the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice.
\nFaculty Sponsor: WALTON, KRISTEN<\/span>
\nbkaderly@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
(Kyser, Kate) (Larison, Teri) (Thompson, Katie)<\/b>.\u00a0FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CUTEREBRA IN PEROMYSCUS POPULATIONS ON MWSU\u2019S CAMPUS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Botflies (Cuterebra sp.) are a common mammalian parasite species. In this study, we used data collected from two trapline field trips performed by the BIO 418 Mammalogy class. The students removed botflies from the Peromyscus they trapped. These botflies were then collected and stored in ethyl alcohol. We used this data to examine both the frequency of infection in the Peromyscus population as well as the distribution of the infection.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nkkyser@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Larkin, Konner<\/b>.\u00a0LAND USE AND LAND COVER FOR CAMPUS PONDS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Our poster is over the geospatial data for campus ponds. This research is part of the Pond Biodiversity Project and is helping set baseline geographic data. Our research has involved conducting land use and land cover surveys, pond core samples and methodology, and creating a story map. This data will allow us to compare other variables within the Pond Biodiversity Project and inform people about the history and research of the campus ponds.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. DRAKE<\/span>
\nklarkin@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
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Lewis, Jacob. Roy, Tilottama. Grantham, Michael.<\/b>.\u00a0SARS COV2 DELTA VARIANT EVOLUTION IN MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Whole genome sequences of SARS CoV-2 Delta Variant can be utilized to see how the virus is evolving as it spreads across the planet. GISAID is a publicly accessible website which compiles these sequences and allows customizable searches into the details of each collected sample. The states in the United States that border 大象传媒, along with 大象传媒, were selected for sampling. These sequences, around 30,000 bases long, were run through MrBayes, which is a software program that helps build trees that show evolutionary relationships using the sequences. The sequences were also put into population genetic analysis software to illustrate what evolutionary processes are occurring.
\nFaculty Sponsor: TILOTTAMA ROY<\/span>
\njlewis33@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Miles, Megan<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECTS OF FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES ON INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are soluble fiber molecules that are classified as prebiotics and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract. The direct effects of FOS on intestinal epithelial cells are not well characterized. CMT-93 cells (mouse intestinal epithelial cells) were exposed to FOS to assess whether FOS induced inflammation, including expression of the COX-2 enzyme or activation of the NFkB signaling pathway. Experimental analysis, including qPCR and immunofluorescence microscopy, did not indicate pro-inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to FOS.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. KRISTEN WALTON<\/span>
\nmmorris14@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
(Poush, Jessica) (Zahnd, Alyka) (Tinoco, Lauren) (Menne, Colleen)<\/b>.\u00a0JOHN RUSHIN TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRAIRIE: FIRST-YEAR VEGETATION SUCCESS SURVEY<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
大象传媒, in \\r\\ncollaboration with the 大象传媒 Department of \\r\\nConservation and private land conservationists, \\r\\nhas become one of the championing institutions of \\r\\non-site prairie restoration. In 2018, 26 acres of \\r\\nland was dedicated for prairie conservation to one \\r\\nthe Department of Biology\u2019s retired faculty \\r\\nmembers, Dr. John Rushin. As part of a long- term \\r\\necological and eco-physiological study framework, \\r\\nfocused on a first-year survey of the emerging \\r\\nprairie vegetation after the initial seeding in \\r\\nthe beginning of 2020, and the relationship \\r\\nbetween emerging native species and invasive \\r\\nspecies. Based on our initial survey, we found \\r\\nthat in its first year after seeding, only a \\r\\nproportion of the seeded prairie vegetation \\r\\nemerged successfully, while invasives and noxious \\r\\nweeds were still prominent. Further prairie \\r\\nmanagement and successful competition between \\r\\nprairie species and invasives are expected to \\r\\nalter species composition in the following years, \\r\\npotentially shifting towards a higher success of \\r\\nnative prairie species. The planned differential \\r\\nmanagement practices, starting in 2022, are \\r\\nexpected to reveal best-fit management practices \\r\\nto ensure native success and conservation.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CSENGELE BARTA<\/span>
\nazahnd1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Punzo Callie, Voyt Alana<\/b>.\u00a0AILURUS FULGENS: RED PANDAS RISK EXTINCTION<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Ailurus fulgens, more commonly known as the red panda, is on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List as an endangered species. This species is found in the forests and shrublands of the Eastern Himalayas of China, Nepal, and Bhutan and the population trend is currently decreasing. Our research consists of the taxonomy, ecological significance, factors contributing to endangerment, and conservation efforts of A. fulgens.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. TILO ROY<\/span>
\ntroy1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Rademann, Anthony<\/b>.\u00a0HEADWATER STREAM MANAGEMENT INTERNSHIP.\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Over the summer, I helped the 大象传媒 Department of \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nConservation with a ten year study into \\r\\ndetermining \\\\r\\\\ndissolved oxygen levels in 大象传媒 \\r\\nheadwater \\\\r\\\\nstreams and how they changed over the \\r\\nsummer. \\\\r\\\\nDissolved oxygen is one of the most \\r\\nimportant \\\\r\\\\nfactors in stream health, and \\r\\nheadwater streams can \\\\r\\\\naffect the health of \\r\\nbigger streams by the runoff it \\\\r\\\\nproduces. The \\r\\nstudy involved collecting physical \\\\r\\\\nand chemical \\r\\ndata from these streams from sunrise \\\\r\\\\nuntil noon. \\r\\nThe department hopes to use this data \\\\r\\\\nto create \\r\\na model of estimated dissolved oxygen \\\\r\\\\nlevels \\r\\nthat could help in better managing headwater \\r\\n\\\\r\\\\nstreams.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\narademann@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Root, Connor; Par, Ester<\/b>.\u00a0DELVING FURTHER INTO THE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE “ROSINWEED” PLANTS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The \u201cRosinweeds\u201d (genus Silphium) are a part of the sunflower family Asteraceae, native to temperate North America. There are multiple species located in the Midwestern United States. Some species within this group, belonging to the sunflower family Asteraceae, have been highly researched as a potential source of biofuel. Moreover, several Silphium species are native to 大象传媒, making them important for local ecosystems. Our study aim s to provide more information on the evolutionary diversification timings of the Silphium genus. Our current study has used DNA sequences from the chloroplast DNA of the rbcL and MatK regions. We used the bioinformatics programs MrBayes on XSEDE, BioEdit, and Figtree for the analysis of our data.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. ROY<\/span>
\ncroot4@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Summers, Hannah and Linscott, Matt<\/b>.\u00a0GALAPAGOS SEA LIONS\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Galapagos sea lions, or scientifically, zalophus wollebaeki, are an endangered species. They are a part of the family Otariidae, or \u201ceared seals,\u201d characterized by their four limbs and short fur. They are found on the Galapagos Islands and on Isla de la Plata. They are categorized as \u201cendangered\u201d on the IUCN red list, and the current population status is decreasing. This is due to effects such as disease, bycatch, trash-related injuries, and climate change. Currently, there are many animal care centers dedicated to helping injured or sick Galapagos sea lions, as well as groups committed to reducing harmful interactions with other species as well as minimizing oceanic waste.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. TILO ROY<\/span>
\ntroy1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Internship\/Practicum Experience<\/h3>\n
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Fleckal, Erica<\/b>.\u00a0INTERNSHIP WITH PHEASANTS FOREVER<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
I am presenting a poster regarding my internship with Pheasants Forever that was completed during the Summer and Fall of 2021.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nefleckal1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Larkin, Konner<\/b>.\u00a0FRANCIS MARION AND SUMTER NATIONAL FORESTS: FUELS MONITORING WITH TERRESTRIAL LIDAR<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This poster presents information regarding terrestrial LiDAR fuels monitoring at the Francis Marion and Sumter National Forest in South Carolina. This research was part of an 11 week internship through the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and the Directorate Fellowship Program. This was an interagency project and the data collected will be used to create models and expand fuels monitoring research. For this project we used terrestrial LiDAR and fuels transects to collect various forest metrics, fuels metrics, and habitat metrics. This research will help land managers create burn plans and be more knowledgeable about the habitat and location they manage. As this project grows it can be expanded to new locations and comparisons between sites can be conducted. This interagency terrestrial LiDAR project has updated old ways of fuels transects while providing valuable metrics for future research into natural resource management.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. DRAKE<\/span>
\nklarkin@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Privett, Rose<\/b>.\u00a0OUTDOOR EDUCATION INTERNSHIP<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This poster is about my summer internship at Kemper Outdoor Education Center through Jackson County Parks and Recreation and what I did while there.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nrprivett@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Rademann, Anthony<\/b>.\u00a0HEADWATER STREAM MANAGEMENT INTERNSHIP<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Over the summer, I helped the 大象传媒 Department of Conservation with a ten year study into determining dissolved oxygen levels in 大象传媒 headwater streams and how they changed over the summer. Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important factors in stream health, and headwater streams can affect the health of bigger streams by the runoff it produces. The study involved collecting physical and chemical data from these streams from sunrise until noon. The department hopes to use this data to create a model of estimated dissolved oxygen levels that could help in better managing headwater streams.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\narademann@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Literature Reviews<\/h3>\n
\n
Murphy, Thomas; Nichols, Jatyron; Allen, Nicholas<\/b>.\u00a0CONSERVATION BIOLOGY\/ ECOLOGY OF THE PLATYPUS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Throughout this project, we reviewed various sources on conservation efforts and ecological impacts upon Platypus populations. The platypus is a unique species within the class Mammalia. It is one of a select few oviparous mammals. Being the last living species within its order, Australian conservation efforts are growing to ensure the stability of the species.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nnallen6@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
(Ballard, Dakota) (Sedlock, Stephanie) (Simon, Ciara)<\/b>.\u00a0EVOLUTION OF MOOSE<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This poster details the evolution of Moose (Alces alces) from their earliest ancestors to modern day. This poster also details & can help lead to moose conservation efforts.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. C. D. CHEVALIER<\/span>
\ndballard1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Barriga, Jacobo; Richardson, Kyle;\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0FLORIDA MANATEE: CONSERVATION EFFORTS AND THE THREATS THEY FACE<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
We reviewed articles pertaining to the threats Florida manatees face and the conservation efforts in place to help protect them. The major threats are watercraft collisions and natural causes which can be related to human intervention. In order to prevent the damages done by human intervention, manatees have been placed under protection by many conservation efforts.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. C.D. CHEVALIER<\/span>
\njbarriga@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Bennie Ethan, Gibler Noah, Garza Marissa<\/b>.\u00a0AMERICAN BEARS DEN SITE SELECTION\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Our team compared den site selection factors between the American Black bear, Grizzly bears and Polar bears in both males and females in order to determine what are the ideal conditions for den site selection and what are the required factors for bears to choose a den site in both urban and “wild” settings. We used data collected from 10 peer reviewed sources in order to narrow down what is the preferred den site selection for these three species of bears.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nebennie@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Blanton, Gaige Houghton, Creed Thee,Brent<\/b>.\u00a0EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE: BIOLOGY, TRANSMISSION, AND EFFECTS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
A literature review of the effects and transmission of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease, primarily in Midwestern white-tailed deer.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY C.<\/span>
\nbthee@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Gruetze, Marissa Fleckal,Erica Nissen, Kylee Schaberg, Kelsi<\/b>.\u00a0COMPARING SKULL MORPHOLOGY OF HERBIVORES, OMNIVORES, AND CARNIVORES<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
For this project, we compared skull morphology of animals with different dietary habits. To do this we looked at primary literature from journals to compare and contrast the dentary structure and musculature connectivity.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nmgruetze@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Gunn, Emily; Pavini, Amadeu; Reeder, Chenoah<\/b>.\u00a0CONSERVATION EFFORTS FOR RIVER OTTERS\u00a0(LONTRA CANADENSIS)\u200b<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
During the early 1930s, the American river otter was on the brink of extinction. Thankfully, due to conservation efforts their population numbers are increasing. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the various conservation efforts made to bring their population numbers up.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CHEVALIER<\/span>
\negunn@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Mott Rachel, Houge Paige, Vogt Samuel<\/b>.\u00a0: KEYSTONE SPECIES IN YELLOWSTONE<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
We researched the grey wolves as a keystone species in Yellowstone National Park. Grey wolves,\u00a0, were eliminated in Yellowstone National Park in the 1920’s due to predator removal programs. In the 1990’s grey wolves which are a keystone species were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. The wolves impact as a keystone species within the Park can be observed and studied.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nrmott2@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
(Redman, Ceirra) (Stafford, Katy) (Zahnd, Alyka)<\/b>.\u00a0THE HABITAT AND CONSERVATION CONCERNS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BADGER (TAXIDEA TAXUS)<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Habitat loss is threatening many species around the world. One species that could become threatened is the North American Badger (Taxidea Taxus). Its habitat is primarily tallgrass prairies, which has declined drastically over time due to cultivation, development, and climate change. The North American Badger is a solitary carnivore that preys on mostly small mammals. It is a predator that serves many important roles in its niche. Decreasing populations of the North American Badger can lead to less genetic diversity and increased risks of disease.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY D. CHEVALIER<\/span>
\ncredman@missouriwestern.edu kstafford2@missouriwestern.edu azahnd1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Tremain, Christian and Larkin, Konner<\/b>.\u00a0CONSERVATION EFFORTS OF SNOW LEOPARDS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Snow leopards are an endangered species known worldwide for their ability to elude the prying eyes of the public for years. Increases in aggression towards these animals have risen due to their predatory nature and the locals aren\u2019t too happy. With a clock ticking down on possible extinction, we take a look at how the conservation efforts for Panthera uncia have increased over the years from likely and unlikely sources
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CHEVALIER<\/span>
\nctremain@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
VanGeison Caylee, Colner, Jordon<\/b>.\u00a0GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE OF VULPES VULPES DUE TO URBANIZATION<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This poster demonstrates the geographical range of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) due to urbanization. Factors discussed include: Disease, resource selection, predator-prey relations, and communication; all being factors in the geographical range.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\ncvangeison@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Carter, Austin. Johnson, Brandon. VanVickle, Jacob<\/b>.\u00a0MOUNTAIN LION: PUMA CONCOLOR<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
We looked into the conservation efforts, Puma concolor. What we hope to achieve with our project is to show the people reasons for why they are important to our environment and how these efforts will aid this beautiful species of Apex predators.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. CARY CHEVALIER<\/span>
\njvanvickle2@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Wilson, Teagan, Moore, Mia, Parker, Roland<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON BLACK BEAR (URSUS AMERICANUS) POPULATION<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Black Bears (Ursus americanus) are being reintroduced into North American States; this review wanted to understand the progress of these reintroductions. We reviewed current literature concerning human-bear conflict, management, and overall affects urbanization contributed toward population trends.
\nFaculty Sponsor: CARY CHEVALIER, PH.D<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY<\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
\n
Carter, David<\/b>.\u00a0DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM UPTAKE BY RADISH PLANTS USING XRF AND STANDARD ADDITION\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This study determined if tap water sources would affect the calcium intake into the leaves of radish plants. Calcium was chosen due to the prevalence of \u201chard\u201d tap water in our region. Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence [XRF] was used with two-point standard addition calibration to determine calcium in leaf ash solutions. The leaves were dry-ashed and dissolved in dilute nitric acid. Three radish samples were grown. The control received only distilled water, while the other two received tap water from sources at MWSU and a home in St. Joseph.
\nFaculty Sponsor: SHAUNA HILEY<\/span>
\ndcarter11@missouriwestern.edu, hiley@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Cutler, Raevan<\/b>.\u00a0DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM IN GRAPE LEAVES BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE AND STANDARD ADDITION<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Calcium levels in two species of grape leaves from a local vineyard were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry [XRF]. The intent of this experiment was to create an experiment for CHE 326 Instrumental Analysis that involved reinforcement of content including XRF, natural product sampling methods, and standard addition calibration methods. Based on results from this summer 2021 project, dry- ashing of the grape leaves, dissolution into dilute nitric acid, and a two-flask based standard addition were the methods chosen for implementation. This new experiment will be used in the Spring 2022 semester in CHE 326.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. SHAUNA HILEY<\/span>
\nmsparkman@missouriwestern.edu, hiley@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Maxey, Nelson; Randelman, Josiah; Law, Tyler<\/b>.\u00a0DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOURIER GRID HAMILTONIAN METHOD ON DIATOMIC AND TRIATOMIC SYSTEMS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The Fourier Grid Hamiltonian (FGH) method enables the solution of the Schr\u00f6dinger Equation on an equally spaced set of grid points. This poster describes the implementation of the FGH method in Python for solving the Vibrational Schr\u00f6dinger Equation (VSE). The FGH method for solving the VSE for diatomic molecules and nonlinear triatomic molecules. Analytic model functions for the potential energy are also implemented. Construction of the Hamiltonian matrix may be performed on a single core, or in parallel in a multicore environment. To represent the vibrational coordinates, a Cartesian coordinate system or an arbitrary user-defined coordinate system may be used.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. JEFF WOODFORD<\/span>
\nnmaxey@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Pearl, Maddie<\/b>.\u00a0MARIE CURIE PIONEER SCIENTIST<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Marie Curie was born in Poland in 1867 and eventually gained citizenship in France through marriage. She was a chemist and physicist who is famous for her work in developing the theory of radioactivity, a term of which she coined the name. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, which she shared with her husband, making them the first married couple to win a Nobel Prize. Curie was quite the pioneer in the scientific world, because she\u2019s also the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields. Marie Curie paved the way for many women in the scientific field, and will always be remembered for her brilliant mind and attributes.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. JONATHAN RHOAD<\/span>
\nmpearl2@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Stapf, Jude<\/b>.\u00a0COFFEE GROUNDS AS A WASTEWATER REMEDIATION STRATEGY<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The application of coffee grounds to reduce divalent metal ion concentrations in a model wastewater stream is described. This experiment is part of a chemical instrumentation course with a thematic focus on applications and analysis of natural products. A variety of factors impacting the concentration of a remediated waste water sample including pH, mass of coffee grounds, identity of the divalent metal ion, and exposure are examined. In this work, wastewater remediation is conducted using a flow through packed coffee ground bed. Analysis of copper, zinc, iron, and lead is conducted using atomic absorption spectroscopy.
\nFaculty Sponsor: MIKE DUCEY<\/span>
\njstapf@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Literature Reviews<\/h3>\n
\n
Bicklein, Walter<\/b>.\u00a0DEONELLA SAKAIENSIS: THE BACTERIA THAT COULD CHANGE THE WORLD<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The bacteria Ideonella sakaiensis has the ability to release a unique enzyme known as PET hydrolase (PETase) and utilizing the plastic as its sole source of both carbon and energy. It was discovered in a plastic bottle recycling facility in Sakai, Japan in 2016. After its discovery it was also discovered that 75% of the degraded PET produced by Ideonella sakaiensis can then be mineralized by other microorganisms such as yeast. Research has continued for this bacteria, and may one day be used to greatly reduce the effect that plastics have on the environment, and even be able to prevent them from ever reaching the sea.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. JONATHAN RHOAD<\/span>
\nwbicklein@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE\/LEGAL STUDIES\/SOCIAL WORK<\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
\n
Barbera, Ana<\/b>.\u00a0ROADBLOCKS TO SUCCESFUL REINTEGRATION FOR SEXUAL OFFENDERS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Sexual offenders present unique problems during the reintegration process from prison to the community. In the US, there exists both legal and social limiters to community acceptance, employment or housing for these individuals. Roadblocks to these key need areas can impact the risk of recidivism for these offenders. This study examined the literature, and laws, as well as shadowed practitioners to determine barriers and current solutions to these dilemmas, in the St. Joseph community.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GREG LINDSTEAD<\/span>
\nabarbera@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Literature Reviews<\/h3>\n
\n
Albertos, Nuria<\/b>.\u00a0MENTAL HEALTH IN CORRECTIONS AND CHALLENGES TO THE INCARCERATED WOMEN.<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This study examined mental health issues of incarcerated population. Although males remain the predominant gender in prison, research is building on mental health issues for incarcerated females. Primarily this review of the literature looked at gender responsive treatment for mental disorders, such as: Trauma, Depression, Substance Abuse and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in order to assist incarcerated women recover.
\nFaculty Sponsor: GREG LINDSTEADT<\/span>
\nnalbertosmoreno@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Meehan, Kylee<\/b>.\u00a0EFFECTS OF PTSD IN INCARCERATED WOMEN<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This study examined mental health issues in incarcerated men and women. Based on the literature, we found that there are unique differences in women\u2019s needs in comparison to men. Primarily this study found no significant difference in Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnoses between men and women. However, the causes of the PTSD varied significantly between men and women. Future studies should focus on finding treatments meeting the specific needs of incarcerated women.
\nFaculty Sponsor: G. LINDSTEADT<\/span>
\nkmeehan@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY<\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
\n
Deepe, Tyler<\/b>.\u00a0CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
I work for Capital performance Management which is the construction management company for Mosaic life Care here in St. Joseph. During my experience with this internship, I have worked on and managed many different construction projects from the brand-new ICU in the hospital to the ongoing Cancer Center Addition. I have been able to experience and accomplish many tasks not on the job site but also the office work that goes into all the different construction projects going on around the hospital both big and small projects.
\nFaculty Sponsor: JINWEN ZHU<\/span>
\ntdeepe@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Wilson,Chris<\/b>.\u00a0MALKA LLC INTERNSHIP<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This semester for my internship I worked for Malka \\r\\nLLC, a small construction company, where I was on \\r\\nsite breaking ground for a new grocery store. As an \\r\\nintern I was responsible for operating skid loaders \\r\\nas well as being a basic laborer. I also attended \\r\\nclasses to help me better understand the job at \\r\\nhand. In classes I expanded my knowledge on heavy \\r\\nmachinery and how to maintain and work on them. The \\r\\nproject is still ongoing as of now, and I will \\r\\ncontinue to work for Malka after graduation.
\nFaculty Sponsor: JINWEN ZHU<\/span>
\ncwilson38@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Internship\/Practicum Experience<\/h3>\n
\n
Lundy, Ross<\/b>.\u00a0REARDON MACHINE INTERNSHIP<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
During my internship at Reardon Machine, I was able to learn about, and perform many different types of machining operations on a wide variety of materials. I programmed, set up, and ran many different CNC lathes and mills in order to complete the required jobs for local and major companies around the world.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. JINWIN ZHU<\/span>
\njlundy2@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
\n
Funchess, Kelden<\/b>.\u00a0WATER LEVEL INDICATOR<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
This device should be able to measure the level of water in a cup. Using LEDs of different colors to indicate the level. Using as the measurement is a few sensing wires to act as a ruler for the LEDs. However, if the water gets too full then a buzzer will trigger to warn everyone that the water is overfilling.
\nFaculty Sponsor: JINWEN ZHU<\/span>
\nkfunchess@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY PHILOSOPHY AND GEOGRAPHY<\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
\n
Williams, Austin<\/b>.\u00a0GEOSPATIAL MAPPING OF THE OPIOID CRISIS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Saint Joseph is currently battling a major opioid crisis. My project this summer was to gather information and data to battle this crisis, as well as using geospatial analysis to create a visual representation of these findings.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. DRAKE, DR. SANSONE<\/span>
\nawilliams81@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING<\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
\n
Anthony, Chandler; Bocchine, Shayla; Coats, Cathy; Hinson, Kayla; Holtman, Vanessa; Murphy, Skylar; Wooten, Katielynn<\/b>.\u00a0REDUCING CESAREAN SECTIONS THROUGH CHILDBIRTH CLASSES<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The purpose of this study was to design an educational program to reduce the number of unplanned cesarean sections. Cesarean sections can have a detrimental impact on the health and well-being of mothers and their infants. A literature review was conducted to discover interventions that had previously been implemented to reduce this phenomenon. Common themes found throughout the literature review included prenatal educational classes, exercise and guided meditation throughout pregnancy, and the inclusion of a doula as a support person. These elements were instrumental in developing the program discussed in this paper.
\nFaculty Sponsor: MACKENZIE EVANS<\/span>
\nsrouth1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Jaycee Higdon, Alyssa Lowrance, Kaylee Banks, Avery Clemmensen, Cristina Helmick, and Maddi Pedersen<\/b>.\u00a0IN STEMI PATIENTS, HOW DOES MANDATORY STAFFING RATIOS AFFECT LENGTH OF STAY?<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The goal of this study is to determine if staffing ratios affect the discharge timeline on patients with an inpatient STEMI procedure. Little research has been done to see how nursing staff ratios affect discharge dates on patients. This quality improvement project will go in depth using research analysis on how patients are directly affected by variable nurse to patient ratios. Evidence-based articles were used to evaluate the effect of staffing ratios on discharge of patients who have had a STEMI procedure. The outcome from this study is that hospitals nationwide should implement mandatory nursing staff ratios for the benefit of the patients safety and satisfactory care.
\nFaculty Sponsor: ALLISON ANDERSON<\/span>
\njhigdon1@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Lewis, Jake<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARAMEDIC POSITION INTERVENTION ON THROUGHPUT PROCESS IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The purpose of this project was to examine the effectiveness of paramedic position intervention on throughput process in Emergency Department (ED). This was a quasi-experimental research design. Total number of patients was 6017, including 4143 patients in the control group and 1874 patients in the intervention group. The Paramedic Position Intervention was effective on Throughput Process in Emergency Department in this study. It decreased the time for patients from ED door to visit doctors and to exit. It also decreased the patients who left ED without being seen by doctors. This intervention could be used to improve quality of service.
\nFaculty Sponsor: PI-MING YEH<\/span>
\npyeh@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Literature Reviews<\/h3>\n
\n
Etherton, Kaylie Rae; Campbell, Faith Mackenzie; Cook, Kierston Ruby; Jackson, Nicole Ellen; Kubart, Grace Ann; Par, LiLi; Ray, Kelsey Ann<\/b>.\u00a0THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR INDUCTION OF LABOR TO MAXIMIZE SAFETY FOR THE MOTHER AND THE BABY<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The purpose of this study was to establish guidelines for a medical necessary induction of labor to maximize safety for both the mother and the baby. The search key words were 1. Induced labor, 2. Unplanned Cesarean Section, 3. Emergency Surgery, 4. Critical Care, 5. Spontaneous Labor, 6. Laboring mothers, 7. Oxytocin, 8. Pitocin, 9. Labor induced methods, 10. Placenta, 11. Induced adverse effects, 12. Uterine Inertia, and 13. Birth timing. Search Engines and Websites were included 1. Google scholar, 2. CDC, 3. Ebsco host, 4. WHO, 5. CINAHL, 6. AJN, and 7. Medline.
\nFaculty Sponsor: PI-MING YEH<\/span>
\npyeh@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Findley, Kassidy Deanne;Cartwright, Stephen Andrew (Steve);Grabianski Vidal, Daniela Constantina; Herrera, Cindy Marie; Lefler, Mallory Jean; Shue, Gehrig Lawrence; Vey, Lance David Karter<\/b>.\u00a0TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS) PAIN RELIEF IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The purpose of this study was to develop a proposal by systematic literature review to find out the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) as a non-opioid analgesic intervention to relieve post-operative pain in patients. The search key words were 1. TENS unit in post-op pain, 2. Effectiveness of TENS for pain relief, 3. Current practice for post-op pain relief, 4. TENS postoperative pain decrease, 5. What effect does TENS have on postoperative pain, 6. Electrical nerve stimulation and postoperative pain, 7. How TENS can reduce opioid requirements for postoperative pain, 8. TENS and pain relief. EBSCOhost was used.
\nFaculty Sponsor: PI-MING YEH<\/span>
\npyeh@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Holifield, Hunter; Jackson, Garrett; Lewis, Hailie; Quimby, Kaitland; Subingsubing, Grethelle; Voltmer, Lani; White, Abygale\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0IMPLEMENTATION OF MEWS IN EARLY DETECTION OF SEPSIS<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Sepsis is a life threatening condition that contributes to millions of avoidable deaths in the United States each year. While there have been many preventable deaths caused by sepsis, there is not a universal guideline or screening on how to detect sepsis in patients. Detecting sepsis early can greatly improve a patient\u2019s likelihood for survival. The implementation of the Modified Early Warning Screening (MEWS) can help reduce these sepsis related deaths by early identification of sepsis symptoms. By alerting caregivers at the first sign of subtle deterioration with the use of MEWS, the devastating consequences of sepsis have been reduced.
\nFaculty Sponsor: ALLISON ANDERSON<\/span>
\nkquimby@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Loveless, London Elizabeth; Curnutt, Kylea Alexis; Hiatt, Gretchen Leigh; McCay, Tiffani Jada Belle; Prothero, McKauley Bree; Ray, Alicia Nicole; Bryant, Grace; Miranda Gusman<\/b>.\u00a0THE EFFECTS OF EARLY AMBULATION IN THE ADULT POPULATION ON DISCHARGE TIME<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The purpose of this study was to develop a proposal by systematic literature review to understand the effects of early ambulation in adults on discharge time. The search key words were 1. Early ambulation in adults in relation to length of stay, 2. Early walking and discharge time, 3. Early ambulation and how discharge times are affected, 4. Adults increased mobility and length of stay, 5. Older people\u2019s early walking and release from hospital, 6. Adults early mobilization and discharge, 7. Early ambulation for adults after surgery, 8. Ambulation and decreased length of stay in older adults. EBSCOhost was used.
\nFaculty Sponsor: PI-MING YEH<\/span>
\npyeh@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Tibbetts, Sophia Marie; Akins, Hunter W; Butcher, Samantha Harley (Sam); Hummer, Emily Louise; Lombardino, Caleb Joseph; Marsh, Kaitlyn Mae; Martin, Alyssa Ann<\/b>.\u00a0COMPARISONS OF RISK FOR COMPLICATIONS BETWEEN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH COVID-19 AND WITHOUT COVID-19<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
The purpose of this study was to develop a proposal by systematic literature review to educate the population of fertile or pregnant women regarding the COVID vaccine. They will know the risks versus benefits of the vaccine during pregnancy and prior. This will help them make the best judgement for themselves and the health of their unborn baby. The search key words were 1. the impact of pregnancy on adverse outcomes of COVID-19, 2. the neonatal morbidity index and severe perinatal morbidity and mortality index in babies whose mom did and did not have COVID-19. EBSCOhost was used literature review.
\nFaculty Sponsor: PI-MING YEH<\/span>
\npyeh@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY<\/h2>\n

Empirical Projects<\/h3>\n
\n
Gillen, Megan; Jessica, Hendrix; Parsons, Jared; Pohl, Jake; Pritchett, Josie; Tauchen, Ali\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MINDFULNESS, RUMINATION, AND SOCIAL ANXIETY<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
We surveyed students on measures of mindfulness, rumination, and social anxiety. Our hypotheses, based on previous literature, were that mindfulness would be negatively associated with rumination; rumination would be positively associated with social anxiety; and mindfulness would be negatively associated with social anxiety. Our sample included 71 大象传媒 Western students. This presentation will provide a brief literature review, descriptive statistics, and the results of a multiple regression analysis.
\nFaculty Sponsor: KAYLA WATERS<\/span>
\njpohl@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Anderson, Michaela; Anderson, Simone; Allen, Maslyn; Gunasekera, Sanjay; Klaassen, Jordan; Miller, Kenzie<\/b>.\u00a0INTROSPECTION AND SOCIAL MEDIA\u00a0<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Research was conducted on daily usage of social media and its relation to self-esteem in individuals. The individuals that participated in our online survey study were 250 大象传媒 students, ages 18+ years old. Participants were asked demographic questions, questions related to social media usage, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale questions to find if a relationship between social media usage and self-esteem exists. We anticipate higher levels of social media usage to result in lower self-esteem scores. Data collection and analysis is still ongoing. Findings will be presented at MRD.
\nFaculty Sponsor: DR. NUCHELLE CHANCE<\/span>
\nnchance@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Cornett, Brooklyn, Corpus, Andrea, GrandPre, Rebecca, Mackall, Tatiyanna, Smith, Callie, Vance, Kenya\u00a0<\/b>.\u00a0TIME, CHANGE, AND THE SELF<\/i>.<\/dt>\n
Individuals rated past, current and future selves on self esteem, procrastination, and personality. We examined the results through the self-enhancement theory and end-of-history illusion to investigate which perspective prevails when recalling the past and estimating the future. The end-of-history illusion states that people report significant change from their past self to present self, but no change in their future self. In contrast, the self- enhancement theory states that people predict gradual improvement throughout their entire lifespan. Pilot data suggests the self-enhancement theory is supported on self-esteem and procrastination, while the end of history illusion was supported on the personality scale.
\nFaculty Sponsor: TEDDI DEKA<\/span>
\ndeka@missouriwestern.edu<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

58 submissions listed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
BIOLOGY<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEMISTRY<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMINAL JUSTICE\/LEGAL STUDIES\/SOCIAL WORK<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HISTORY PHILOSOPHY AND GEOGRAPHY<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NURSING<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PSYCHOLOGY<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
EMPIRICAL<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INTERNSHIP<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITERATURE REVIEW<\/td>\n21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PROTOTYPE<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>